NRT2.5 a putative sodium dependent high affinity nitrate trasnporter of zostera marina l.

Seagrasses are the only group of vascular plants that recolonized the marine environment, possibly the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. These plants have regained functions enabling them to thrive in liquid medium with an extremely high salinity (0.5 M Na+), high alkaline conditions (pH 8.2) and very low concentration of essential nutrients as NO3- or Pi. Despite this, seagrasses form one of the highest productive and widespread ecosystems of the planet (Larkum et al., 2006). Zostera marina was the first seagrass fully sequenced and its genome reveals important insights about this secondary adaption. Comparison with land plants indicates that less than 20 % of the genes families are specific in the genome of seagrasses. Thus, adaptation to marine environment seems to be due to molecular changes of the same family genes rather that the speciation of pre-existing genes. This appears to be the case of the high affinity nitrate transporter belonging to the NRT family. In contrast to terrestrial vascular plants, where NRT2 encode high affinity NO3- transporters that operate as H+ symporters, our electrophysiological analysis indicate that in Z. marina high affinity NO3- uptake is mediated by a Na+-dependent mechanism. A detailed analysis of the Z. marina genome indicates the presence of only one gene encoding for this type of transporter: Zosma70g00300.1. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this high affinity nitrate transporter is more related to NRT2.5 than to NTRT2.1, sharing a common ancestor with both, monocot and dicot plants. We have cloned Zosma70g00300.1 and the high-affinity nitrate transporter accessory protein NAR2 (Zosma63g00220.1) in order to characterize the specific transport mechanism mediated by these proteins in Z. marina. Thus, the putative Z. marina NRT2.5 transporter could have evolved to use Na+ as a driving ion, which might be an essential adaptation of seagrasses to colonize the marine environment.MICINN (BFU2017-85117-R; BIO2016-81957-REDT) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Railway traffic disturbance management by means of control strategies applied to operations in the transit system

Railway systems in metropolitan areas support a high density of daily traffic that is exposed to different types of disturbances in the service. An interesting topic in the literature is to obtain action protocols in the presence of contingencies which can affect the system operation, avoiding the propagation of perturbation and minimizing its negative consequences. Assume that, with a small margin of time (e.g. one day), the decision-maker of the transportation network is knowing that a part of the train fleet will become inoperative temporarily along a specific transit line and none additional vehicle will be able to restore the affected services. The decision to be taken in consequence will require to reschedule the existing services by possibly reducing the number of expeditions (line runs). This will affect travellers who regularly use the transit system to get around. Consider that the decision-maker aims to lose the least number of passengers as a consequence of having introduced changes into the transit line. A strategy that could be applied in this context is to remove those line runs which are historically less used by travellers without affecting the remaining services. Another alternative strategy might be to reschedule the timetables of the available units, taking into account the pattern of arrivals of users to the boarding stations and the user behavior during waiting times (announced in situ). The aim of this work consists of assessing the strategy of train rescheduling along the current transportation line when the supply must be reduced in order to reinforce the service of another line, exploited by the same public operator, which has suffered an incidence or emergency.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona

Modelo logístico de recolección de llantas para la ciudad de Tunja

In the city of Tunja there are no sources of information and exact indicators that establish the amount of tires used and discarded in clandestine dumps, house yards and storage centers, which generate negative impact on the environment and the health of the inhabitants, evidencing the need to generate a logistic solution. An investigation of quantitative approach of type applied as a case study is presented. The CVRP method was used, which consists of the design of a set of routes of lower cost, where each client is visited only once by a single vehicle and all routes begin and end at a center of gravity; as results, the characterization and design of a logistic model was achieved, which integrated the location of collection point, demand, collection routes, capacities, as a solid and updated tool that would generate environmental alternatives for the cityEn la ciudad de Tunja no se cuenta con fuentes de información e indicadores exactos que establezcan la cantidad de llantas usadas y desechadas en tiraderos clandestinos, patios de casas y centros de acopio, las cuales generan impacto negativo en el medio ambiente y la salud de los habitantes, evidenciando la necesidad de generar una solución logística. Se presenta una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo estudio de caso; en esta se utilizó el método CVRP, que consiste en el diseño de un conjunto de rutas de menor coste, donde cada cliente se visite una única vez por un único vehículo y todas las rutas comienzan y finalizan en un centro de gravedad. Como resultados se logró la caracterización y diseño de un modelo logístico, que integró la ubicación de punto de acopio, demanda, rutas de recolección, capacidades, como herramienta sólida y actualizada que generara alternativas ambientales para la ciudad

NETosis

Neutrophils are the first line of defense of the immune system against infection. Among their weaponry, they have the ability to mix and extrude their DNA and bactericidal molecules creating NET-like structures in a unique type of cell death called NETosis. This process is important in order to control extracellular infections limiting collateral damage. Its aberrant function has been implicated in several human diseases including sepsis and autoimmune disease. The purpose of the present paper is to give a general introduction to this concept

Locating optimal timetables and vehicle schedules in a transit line

This paper deals with the Transit Network Timetabling and Scheduling Problem (TNTSP) in a public transit line. The TNTSP aims at determining optimal timetables for each line in a transit network by establishing departure and arrival times of each vehicle at each station. We assume that customers know departure times of line runs offered by the system. However, each user, traveling after or before than their desired travel time, will give rise to an inconvenience cost, or a penalty cost if that user cannot be served according to the scheduled timetable. The provided formulation allocates each user to the best possible timetable considering capacity constraints. The problem is formulated using a p-median based approach and solved using a clustering technique. Computational results that show useful applications of this methodology are also included.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MTM2010-19576-C02-01Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MTM2009-14243Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MTM2012-37048Junta de Andalucía P09-TEP-5022Junta de Andalucía FQM-584

Little or unknown plants of the wild vascular flora of the Canary Island

Se añaden al catálogo florístico vascular canario un total de 29 taxones. Se confirma además la presencia Epilobium angustifolium y de Chamaesyce serpens para las islas de Tenerife y La Palma respectivamente y se amplia la corología de Eleocharis palustris para la Gomera. Por otro lado reavivamos la complejidad de Sida rhombifolia L. en el Archipiélago. Twenty nine new taxa are added to the checklist of the canarian vascular flora. We also confirm that Epilobium angustifolium and Chamaecyse serpens are present in Tenerife and La Palma, respectively, and the chorology of Eleocharis palustris in La Gomera is extended. On the other hand Sida rhombifolia complex is revived in the Archipelago

Early postoperative complications of transvaginal access in minimally invasive sigmoid colon procedures

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate early (the first 30 days) postoperative complications after transvaginal resection of the sigmoid colon. Material and Methods: A total of 23 laparoscopy-assisted transvaginal resections of the sigmoid colon and 1 NOTES transvaginal sigmoid resection were performed in the course of 3 years. Postoperative complications were recorded in a prospective manner. Results: In the group of 24 patients operated on using the transvaginal approach, 6 (25%) complications were recorded, including 3 urinary tract infections, 2 vaginal bleedings, and 1 abdominal trocar site hernia. Conclusion: Early postoperative complication rate after transvaginal resection of the sigmoid colon is relatively low and the clinical complications are not severe